G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde gerek y\u00fcksek enflasyon ortam\u0131 gerekse T\u00fcrkler Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu\u2019ndaki\u00a0son d\u00f6nem de\u011fi\u015fikleriyle birlikte kirac\u0131 \u2013 kiraya veren aras\u0131ndaki uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k\u00a0say\u0131s\u0131 bir hayli artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle bu ikili ili\u015fkide daha zay\u0131f durumdaki kirac\u0131lar, s\u0131k s\u0131k ma\u011fdur konumuna d\u00fc\u015febilmektedirler.\u00a0Bu durumda hakk\u0131n\u0131 kanun \u00f6n\u00fcnde aramak isteyen kirac\u0131lar\u0131n akl\u0131na, fahi\u015f kira art\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 nereye \u015fikayet edebilece\u011fi sorusu gelmektedir.
\u00d6ncelikle \u015funu ifade etmek gerekir ki kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi veya halk aras\u0131ndaki tabiriyle kira kontrat\u0131 da bir s\u00f6zle\u015fme t\u00fcr\u00fc olup, yaz\u0131l\u0131 olarak d\u00fczenlenmesi mutlak gerekli ko\u015ful de\u011fildir. Di\u011fer bir deyi\u015fle kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi s\u00f6zl\u00fc olarak da yap\u0131labilir. Ancak yaz\u0131l\u0131 olarak yap\u0131lmas\u0131 ispatlama a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan daha elveri\u015fli ve kolayd\u0131r. O nedenle kiralanan yerle ilgili kirac\u0131l\u0131k vasf\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren her t\u00fcrl\u00fc olgu, kom\u015fuluk ili\u015fkileri, kiran\u0131n \u00f6denme kanallar\u0131 veya hayat\u0131n ola\u011fan ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7indeki yerel adetler ve rutinler yaz\u0131l\u0131 olmasa dahi kiralama i\u015fleminin ispatlay\u0131c\u0131 unsurlar\u0131d\u0131r.
Kirac\u0131n\u0131n kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinde \u00fczerine d\u00fc\u015fen en \u00f6nemli sorumluluk \u015f\u00fcphesiz ki kira bedelini eksiksiz \u00f6demesidir.
T\u00fcrkiye \u0130statistik Kurumu (T\u00dc\u0130K) verilerine g\u00f6re, 2024 Ocak ay\u0131 i\u00e7in kira art\u0131\u015f oran\u0131 %53,86\u2019d\u0131r. Belirlenen yasal art\u0131\u015f oran\u0131 her ne kadar %53,86 olsa da, 11 Haziran 2022 tarihli ve 31863 say\u0131l\u0131 Resmi Gazete\u2019de yay\u0131nlanarak y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren 7409 say\u0131l\u0131 \u201cAvukatl\u0131k Kanunu ile T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu\u2019nda De\u011fi\u015fiklik Yap\u0131lmas\u0131na Dair Kanun\u201d do\u011frultusunda 6098 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu\u2019na (\u201cTBK\u201d) eklenen ge\u00e7ici madde ile\u00a0yaln\u0131zca konut kiralar\u0131 ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olarak\u00a011 Haziran 2022 \u2013 01.07.2023 aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lacak kira art\u0131\u015flar\u0131 %25\u2019i ge\u00e7emeyecektir. Sonras\u0131nda bu d\u00fczenleme 1 Temmuz 2024\u2019e kadar uzat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
T\u00fcrk Bo\u00e7lar Kanununun 344. maddesindeki kira bedelinin belirlenmesine il\u015fikin h\u00fck\u00fcmlere g\u00f6re \u201cTaraflar\u0131n yenilenen kira d\u00f6nemlerinde uygulanacak kira bedeline ili\u015fkin anla\u015fmalar\u0131, bir \u00f6nceki kira y\u0131l\u0131nda t\u00fcketici fiyat endeksindeki oniki ayl\u0131k ortalamalara g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fim oran\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7memek ko\u015fuluyla ge\u00e7erlidir. Bu kural, bir y\u0131ldan daha uzun s\u00fcreli kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinde de uygulan\u0131r.\u201d
\u201cTaraflarca bu konuda bir anla\u015fma yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015fsa, kira bedeli, bir \u00f6nceki kira y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcketici fiyat endeksindeki oniki ayl\u0131k ortalamalara g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fim oran\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7memek ko\u015fuluyla h\u00e2kim taraf\u0131ndan, kiralanan\u0131n durumu g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131narak hakkaniyete g\u00f6re belirlenir.\u201d
Taraflar\u0131n kira bedelinde anla\u015famamas\u0131 halinde veya kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde kira bedelinin art\u0131laca\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin bir madde dahi varsa kira bedelinin belirlenmesine ili\u015fkin her zaman dava a\u00e7\u0131labilir. Yani gerekirse kira bedelini mahkeme tayin edecektir. Bu dava neticesinde belirlenecek bedelin, -dava izleyen kira d\u00f6neminin ortas\u0131nda bitmi\u015f olsa dahi-, izleyen kira d\u00f6neminin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131ndan itibaren uygulanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilmekte fayda vard\u0131r. Ancak, bu davan\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 ile ilgili birtak\u0131m s\u00fcreler ve us\u00fcli i\u015flemler oldu\u011funu da g\u00f6z ard\u0131 etmemek gerekir.
11.06.2022 \u2013 01.07.2024 tarihleri aras\u0131ndaki T\u00dcFE art\u0131\u015f oran\u0131, yasal art\u0131\u015f oran\u0131 olan %25\u2019in alt\u0131nda kalmas\u0131 durumunda ise azami oran yasal oran kabul edilecektir.\u00a0 \u0130lgili kanun d\u00fczenleme: \u201cKonut kiralar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan bu maddenin y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girdi\u011fi tarih il\u00e2 1\/7\/2023 (bu tarih dahil) tarihleri aras\u0131nda yenilenen kira d\u00f6nemlerinde uygulanacak kira bedeline ili\u015fkin anla\u015fmalar, bir \u00f6nceki kira y\u0131l\u0131na ait kira bedelinin y\u00fczde yirmi be\u015fini ge\u00e7memek ko\u015fuluyla ge\u00e7erlidir.
Bir \u00f6nceki kira y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcketici fiyat endeksindeki on iki ayl\u0131k ortalamalara g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fim oran\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde yirmi be\u015fin alt\u0131nda kalmas\u0131 halinde de\u011fi\u015fim oran\u0131 ge\u00e7erlidir. Bu kural, bir y\u0131ldan daha uzun s\u00fcreli kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinde de uygulan\u0131r. Bu oranlar\u0131 ge\u00e7ecek \u015fekilde yap\u0131lan s\u00f6zle\u015fmeler, fazla miktar y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ge\u00e7ersizdir. Bu f\u0131kra h\u00fckm\u00fc, 344 \u00fcnc\u00fc maddenin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131 uyar\u0131nca h\u00e2kim taraf\u0131ndan verilecek kararlar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da uygulan\u0131r.\u201d \u015feklindedir. (Bu d\u00fczenleme 01.07.2024 tarihine kadar uzat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.)
\u0130\u015fyeri kiralar\u0131nda kira art\u0131\u015f\u0131 ise, T\u00dc\u0130K taraf\u0131ndan belirlenen T\u00dcFE oranlar\u0131na g\u00f6re yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.\u00a0
Kiraya veren \u201cKontrat\u0131n s\u00fcresi doldu, evi bo\u015falt\u201d diyerek s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi sona erdiremez. Konut ve i\u015fyeri kiralar\u0131nda kirac\u0131, s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin s\u00fcresinin bitiminden en az onbe\u015f g\u00fcn \u00f6nce bildirimde bulunmad\u0131k\u00e7a, s\u00f6zle\u015fme ayn\u0131 ko\u015fullarla bir y\u0131l i\u00e7in uzat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r. Kiraya veren, s\u00f6zle\u015fme s\u00fcresinin bitimine dayanarak (10 y\u0131ll\u0131k kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri ve belirsiz s\u00fcreli kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri hari\u00e7) s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi sona erdiremez.
Kiraya veren kendinden kaynakl\u0131 veya kirac\u0131dan kaynakl\u0131 birtak\u0131m sebeplerle kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesini tabi ki sona erdirebilir. Ancak bu dava yoluyla m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Ayr\u0131ca bu hallerin pek\u00e7o\u011funda dahi kiraya veren bu yeri 3 y\u0131l ge\u00e7medik\u00e7e eski kirac\u0131dan ba\u015fkas\u0131na kiralayamaz.
Fahi\u015f kira art\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan rahats\u0131z ve hakk\u0131n\u0131 kanun \u00f6n\u00fcnde aramak isteyen vatanda\u015flar\u0131m\u0131z Hukuk Mahkemelerinde dava a\u00e7ma yoluna gidebilirler.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n
AVUKAT NURETT\u0130N KILI\u00c7<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde gerek y\u00fcksek enflasyon ortam\u0131 gerekse T\u00fcrkler Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu\u2019ndaki\u00a0son d\u00f6nem de\u011fi\u015fikleriyle birlikte kirac\u0131 \u2013 kiraya veren aras\u0131ndaki uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k\u00a0say\u0131s\u0131 bir hayli artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle bu ikili ili\u015fkide daha zay\u0131f durumdaki kirac\u0131lar, s\u0131k s\u0131k ma\u011fdur konumuna d\u00fc\u015febilmektedirler.\u00a0Bu durumda hakk\u0131n\u0131 kanun \u00f6n\u00fcnde aramak isteyen kirac\u0131lar\u0131n akl\u0131na, fahi\u015f kira art\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 nereye \u015fikayet edebilece\u011fi sorusu gelmektedir.\u00d6ncelikle \u015funu ifade etmek gerekir ki […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,1,24],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-25095","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-manset","category-uncategorized","category-yazarlar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mardinhaberyolu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25095","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mardinhaberyolu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mardinhaberyolu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mardinhaberyolu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mardinhaberyolu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=25095"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/mardinhaberyolu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25095\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":25096,"href":"https:\/\/mardinhaberyolu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25095\/revisions\/25096"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mardinhaberyolu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=25095"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mardinhaberyolu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=25095"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mardinhaberyolu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=25095"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}