Son g\u00fcnlerde s\u0131k\u00e7a duydu\u011fumuz orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131, yaln\u0131zca birer felaket haberi de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda gezegenimizin kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya oldu\u011fu derin bir krizin yans\u0131mas\u0131d\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den Avustralya\u2019ya, Amazonlar\u2019dan Sibirya\u2019ya kadar d\u00fcnya genelinde artan orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131, do\u011faya, insanlara ve k\u00fcresel ekosisteme geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc olmayan zararlar veriyor.
\n\u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi, insan ihmali ve plans\u0131z arazi kullan\u0131m\u0131 gibi fakt\u00f6rlerin birle\u015fimi, bu yang\u0131nlar\u0131n hem s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hem de y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131yor. Peki, bu yang\u0131nlar ne kadar alan yuttu, hangi t\u00fcrler sonsuza dek kayboldu ve e\u011fer b\u00f6yle devam ederse d\u00fcnya nas\u0131l bir gelece\u011fe s\u00fcr\u00fcklenecek? Gibi sorulara cevap bulabilmek i\u00e7in hem haf\u0131zamdaki bilgi ve yak\u0131n tarihteki yang\u0131nlar\u0131 an\u0131msad\u0131m, hem de onlarca kaynaktan elde etti\u011fim bilgiler do\u011frultusunda durumun vahametini g\u00f6rd\u00fcm.
\nOrman yang\u0131nlar\u0131, ekosistemlerin temel ta\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 yerle bir eden bir felakettir. Ormanlar, d\u00fcnya \u00fczerindeki karasal biyolojik \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fin y\u00fczde 80\u2019inden fazlas\u0131na ev sahipli\u011fi yapar ve karbon yutaklar\u0131 olarak iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fiyle m\u00fccadelede kritik bir rol oynar. Ancak her y\u0131l d\u00fcnya genelinde yakla\u015f\u0131k 10 milyon hektar orman alan\u0131 yok oluyor. Bu, \u0130zlanda\u2019n\u0131n y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fcne e\u015fde\u011fer bir kay\u0131p demek!
\nT\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ise durum farkl\u0131 de\u011fil. 2021 y\u0131l\u0131nda ya\u015fanan b\u00fcy\u00fck yang\u0131nlar, 140 bin hektar orman alan\u0131n\u0131 k\u00fcle \u00e7evirdi. 2012-2022 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ise toplamda 236 bin 425 hektar orman alan\u0131 yang\u0131nlarda yok oldu. Bu, sadece a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n de\u011fil, milyonlarca bitki ve hayvan t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn ya\u015fam alanlar\u0131n\u0131n da kayb\u0131 anlam\u0131na geliyor.
\nYang\u0131nlar, biyolojik \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi do\u011frudan tehdit ediyor. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Amazon Ya\u011fmur Ormanlar\u0131\u2019nda 2019\u2019da ya\u015fanan yang\u0131nlar, 9 bin 60 kilometre karelik bir alan\u0131 yok etti ve bu b\u00f6lgede ya\u015fayan jaguarlar gibi nesli t\u00fckenme tehlikesiyle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya olan t\u00fcrler i\u00e7in son s\u0131\u011f\u0131naklardan birini tahrip etti.
\nAvustralya\u2019da ise 2019-2020 yang\u0131nlar\u0131nda yakla\u015f\u0131k 107 bin kilometrekarelik alan yand\u0131 ve bilim insanlar\u0131, 1 milyara yak\u0131n hayvan\u0131n bu yang\u0131nlarda \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc tahmin ediyor. \u00d6zellikle koalalar\u0131n y\u00fczde 25\u2019inden fazlas\u0131 bu felakette ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitirdi.
\nT\u00fcrkiye\u2019de de durum vahim: Akdeniz ve Ege b\u00f6lgelerindeki yang\u0131nlar, kaplumba\u011falar, kemirgenler, b\u00f6cekler ve endemik bitki t\u00fcrleri gibi yang\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 savunmas\u0131z canl\u0131lar\u0131 yok ediyor. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Dat\u00e7a Hurmas\u0131 ve Anadolu Salebi gibi dar yay\u0131l\u0131ml\u0131 bitkiler, habitat tahribat\u0131 nedeniyle nesli t\u00fckenme riskiyle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya.
\nOrman yang\u0131nlar\u0131, hayvanlar\u0131n ya\u015fam alanlar\u0131n\u0131 yok ederek besin zincirini alt\u00fcst ediyor. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de 166 memeli, 466 ku\u015f ve 129 s\u00fcr\u00fcngen t\u00fcr\u00fc bulunuyor; bu t\u00fcrlerin \u00e7o\u011fu, yang\u0131nlar\u0131n tehdidi alt\u0131nda. Yang\u0131nlar s\u0131ras\u0131nda ka\u00e7amayan kaplumba\u011falar, kemirgenler ve b\u00f6cekler do\u011frudan hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybediyor; hayatta kalanlar ise yiyecek bulmakta zorlan\u0131yor. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Akdeniz Foklar\u0131 ve Saz Kedileri gibi nesli tehlike alt\u0131ndaki t\u00fcrler, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki yang\u0131nlar ve habitat kayb\u0131 nedeniyle daha da b\u00fcy\u00fck risk alt\u0131nda.
\nNesli t\u00fckenen hayvanlar konusunda kesin rakamlar vermek zor olsa da, iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ve yang\u0131nlar\u0131n etkisiyle son 50 y\u0131lda biyolojik \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fin y\u00fczde 68\u2019i kayboldu. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de va\u015fak, leopar, Hazar Kaplan\u0131, K\u0131z\u0131l Geyik ve Alageyik gibi t\u00fcrler, yang\u0131nlar ve habitat kayb\u0131 nedeniyle ya tamamen yok oldu ya da kritik derecede tehdit alt\u0131nda. Bu kay\u0131plar, ekosistemin dengesini bozarak bitki tozla\u015fmas\u0131ndan su d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcne kadar her \u015feyi etkiliyor. \u00d6rne\u011fin, ar\u0131lar gibi tozlay\u0131c\u0131 t\u00fcrlerin kayb\u0131, tar\u0131msal \u00fcretimi tehdit ederek insan ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frudan etkiliyor.
\nOrman yang\u0131nlar\u0131, iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fini hem besleyen hem de onun bir sonucu olan bir k\u0131s\u0131r d\u00f6ng\u00fc yarat\u0131yor. Yang\u0131nlar, a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n karbon tutma kapasitesini yok ederek atmosfere b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarda karbondioksit sal\u0131yor. Bir a\u011fa\u00e7 y\u0131lda ortalama 25 kilo karbondioksit emerken, yang\u0131nlar bu kapasiteyi s\u0131f\u0131rl\u0131yor ve karbon sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131r\u0131yor. Dahas\u0131, yang\u0131nlar s\u0131ras\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kan kimyasal gazlar ve partik\u00fcller, g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 so\u011furarak k\u00fcresel s\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131yor.
\nT\u00fcrkiye\u2019de 2024\u2019te 3 bin 797 orman yang\u0131n\u0131 ya\u015fand\u0131; bu, 1988\u2019den beri kaydedilen en y\u00fcksek say\u0131. B\u00f6yle devam ederse 2025 sonunda en y\u00fcksek rakama ula\u015fmak zor olmasa gerek. Tabi ki, bu yang\u0131nlar, sadece ormanlar\u0131 de\u011fil, su d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc de bozuyor. Yang\u0131n sonras\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fen toprak yap\u0131s\u0131, suyun topra\u011fa s\u0131zmas\u0131n\u0131 zorla\u015ft\u0131rarak sel riskini art\u0131r\u0131yor ve su kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 kirletiyor.
\nE\u011fer bu d\u00f6ng\u00fc k\u0131r\u0131lmazsa, d\u00fcnya daha s\u0131cak, daha kuru ve daha tehlikeli bir yer haline gelecek. Bilim insanlar\u0131, k\u00fcresel s\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n 1,5 dereceyi a\u015fmas\u0131 durumunda, biyolojik \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fin yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yok olabilece\u011fini ve deniz seviyelerinin 2100\u2019e kadar 26-77 santimetreye y\u00fckselece\u011fini \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcyor. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ise ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131n 2050\u2019ye kadar y\u00fczde 15-20 azalmas\u0131 bekleniyor, bu da su k\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve yang\u0131n riskini daha da art\u0131racak.
\nOrman yang\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n insanl\u0131\u011fa maliyeti, sadece do\u011fayla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 de\u011fil. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de son 5 y\u0131lda yang\u0131nlar nedeniyle 2 milyar 193 milyon metrek\u00fcp kereste yand\u0131 ve 438 milyar dolarl\u0131k maddi kay\u0131p ya\u015fand\u0131. Ancak maddi kay\u0131plar, manevi y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131n yan\u0131nda s\u00f6n\u00fck kal\u0131yor. Ormanlar, 1,6 milyar insan\u0131n g\u0131da, bar\u0131nak ve gelir kayna\u011f\u0131; bu, d\u00fcnya n\u00fcfusunun yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 20\u2019si demek. Yang\u0131nlar, turizm ve tar\u0131m gibi sekt\u00f6rleri vurarak ekonomik \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015flere yol a\u00e7\u0131yor. Dahas\u0131, yang\u0131nlardan yay\u0131lan duman, insan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tehdit ederek solunum yolu hastal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131yor
\n\u00c7\u00d6Z\u00dcM \u0130\u00c7\u0130N NE YAPMALI?
\nOrman yang\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek ve etkilerini azaltmak i\u00e7in hem bireysel hem de toplumsal ad\u0131mlar at\u0131lmal\u0131. \u0130lk olarak, insan kaynakl\u0131 yang\u0131nlar\u0131n y\u00fczde 90\u2019dan fazlas\u0131 ihmal ve kas\u0131tl\u0131 yakmalardan kaynaklan\u0131yor. Bu nedenle, ormanl\u0131k alanlarda ate\u015f yakmaktan ka\u00e7\u0131nmak, cam ve yan\u0131c\u0131 maddeleri do\u011faya atmamak kritik.
\n\u0130kincisi, yang\u0131na dayan\u0131kl\u0131 a\u011fa\u00e7 t\u00fcrleri (\u00f6rne\u011fin, servi) kullanarak a\u011fa\u00e7land\u0131rma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 yap\u0131lmal\u0131. H\u00fck\u00fcmetler, Paris \u0130klim S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi gibi uluslararas\u0131 anla\u015fmalara ba\u011fl\u0131 kalarak karbon sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 azaltmal\u0131 ve yenilenebilir enerjiye yat\u0131r\u0131m yapmal\u0131. TEMA Vakf\u0131 gibi kurulu\u015flar, ormanlar\u0131n korunmas\u0131 ve restorasyonu i\u00e7in projeler y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcrken, bireyler de bu t\u00fcr STK\u2019lara destek olabilir
\nOrman yang\u0131nlar\u0131, do\u011fan\u0131n ve insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n gelece\u011fine y\u00f6nelik bir uyar\u0131 \u00e7an\u0131d\u0131r. Her yanan a\u011fa\u00e7, her kaybolan t\u00fcr, gezegenimizin nefes alma kapasitesini biraz daha azalt\u0131yor. Ancak umut var: S\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir ya\u015fam al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131, bilin\u00e7li politikalar ve kolektif \u00e7aba ile bu y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131 durdurabiliriz. Unutmayal\u0131m ki, do\u011fa bizimle pazarl\u0131k yapmaz; ama ona iyi bakarsak, o da bize iyi bakar. Bug\u00fcnden ba\u015flayarak, \u2018Benim etkim ne olur ki?\u2019 demeden, hep birlikte harekete ge\u00e7elim. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc her birimizin att\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir ad\u0131m, gezegenimizin gelece\u011fini de\u011fi\u015ftirebilir.
\nSevgiyle kal\u0131n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Son g\u00fcnlerde s\u0131k\u00e7a duydu\u011fumuz orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131, yaln\u0131zca birer felaket haberi de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda gezegenimizin kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya oldu\u011fu derin bir krizin yans\u0131mas\u0131d\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den Avustralya\u2019ya, Amazonlar\u2019dan Sibirya\u2019ya kadar d\u00fcnya genelinde artan orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131, do\u011faya, insanlara ve k\u00fcresel ekosisteme geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc olmayan zararlar veriyor. \u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi, insan ihmali ve plans\u0131z arazi kullan\u0131m\u0131 gibi fakt\u00f6rlerin birle\u015fimi, bu yang\u0131nlar\u0131n […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-109036","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-yazarlar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mardinhaberyolu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/109036","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mardinhaberyolu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mardinhaberyolu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mardinhaberyolu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mardinhaberyolu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=109036"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/mardinhaberyolu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/109036\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":109037,"href":"https:\/\/mardinhaberyolu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/109036\/revisions\/109037"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mardinhaberyolu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=109036"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mardinhaberyolu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=109036"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mardinhaberyolu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=109036"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}